Results In Chemistry

Learning Objective

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• Calculate the concentration of a diluted solution.

Copper and Nitric Acid. When you place a piece of copper in nitric acid, the Cu ions and nitrate ions. Mar 29, 2019 Chemistry, like other math-heavy fields in the sciences, is a subject which requires hard work and effort to master. Chemistry entails equations, formulas, and diagrams; some of these may have to be memorized, while others require a. Apr 22, 2016 Results that are high or low might have the letter (H) or (L) after the number, or may be printed to the side or in a different column to call attention to the abnormal result. Again, getting a copy of your lab results lets you compare your numbers to the normal ranges and makes it easier to ask questions about the results and what they mean.

Key Points

• Most commonly, a solution’s concentration is expressed in terms of mass percent, mole fraction, molarity, molality, and normality. When calculating dilution factors, it is important that the units of volume and concentration remain consistent.
• Dilution calculations can be performed using the formula M₁V₁ = M₂V₂.
• A serial dilution is a series of stepwise dilutions, where the dilution factor is held constant at each step.

Terms

• dilutiona solution that has had additional solvent, such as water, added to make it less concentrated
• serial dilutionstepwise dilution of a substance in solution

Dilution refers to the process of adding additional solvent to a solution to decrease its concentration. This process keeps the amount of solute constant, but increases the total amount of solution, thereby decreasing its final concentration. Dilution can also be achieved by mixing a solution of higher concentration with an identical solution of lesser concentration. Diluting solutions is a necessary process in the laboratory, as stock solutions are often purchased and stored in very concentrated forms. For the solutions to be usable in the lab (for a titration, for instance), they must be accurately diluted to a known, lesser concentration.

The volume of solvent needed to prepare the desired concentration of a new, diluted solution can be calculated mathematically. The relationship is as follows:

[latex]M_1V_1=M_2V_2[/latex]

M₁ denotes the concentration of the original solution, and V1 denotes the volume of the original solution; M₂ represents the concentration of the diluted solution, and V2 represents the final volume of the diluted solution. When calculating dilution factors, it is important that the units for both volume and concentration are the same for both sides of the equation.

Example

• 175 mL of a 1.6 M aqueous solution of LiCl is diluted with water to a final volume of 1.0 L. What is the final concentration of the diluted solution?
• [latex]M_1V_1=M_2V_2[/latex]
• (1.6 M)(175 mL) = M₂(1000 mL)
• M₂ = 0.28 M

Serial Dilutions

Serial dilutions involve diluting a stock or standard solution multiple times in a row. Typically, the dilution factor remains constant for each dilution, resulting in an exponential decrease in concentration. For example, a ten-fold serial dilution could result in the following concentrations: 1 M, 0.1 M, 0.01 M, 0.001 M, and so on. As is evidenced in this example, the concentration is reduced by a factor of ten in each step. Serial dilutions are used to accurately create extremely diluted solutions, as well as solutions for experiments that require a concentration curve with an exponential or logarithmic scale. Serial dilutions are widely used in experimental sciences, including biochemistry, pharmacology, microbiology, and physics.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/serial%20dilution
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Results In Chemistry

REU Sites: Chemistry

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Bromine Test Results

Impact Factor Of Chemistry Journals

Chemistry Lab Report

Results In Materials Impact Factor